DIGITAL TRADE GOVERNANCE BEYOND THE WTO

REGULATORY FRAGMENTATION, DIGITAL SOVEREIGNTY AND THE FUTURE OF E-COMMERCE LAW

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54934/ijlcw.v5i1.185

Keywords:

Digital Trade Governance, Digital Sovereignty, Regulatory Fragmentation, E-Commerce Law, gobernanza del comercio digital, soberanía digital, fragmentación regulatoria, derecho del comercio electrónico, gobernanza de datos transfronterizos, 数字贸易治理, 数字主权, 监管碎片化, 跨境数据治理, 电子商务法

Abstract

The emergence of digital trade is dramatically changing how international commerce is conducted today. However, current digital trade governance remains anchored in an outdated World Trade Organization (WTO) framework largely designed for a pre-digital trade era. This governance structure has been unable to respond effectively to emerging issues in digital trade. Simultaneously, states and regional blocs are developing divergent regulatory models that reflect their sovereign digital interests and generate significant governance fragmentation. Using the doctrinal method alongside a comparative approach, this paper examines the deficiencies in current WTO-centered digital trade governance models and argues that the governance system is evolving from traditional multilateral trade structures toward hybrid, sovereignty-driven systems involving multiple actors. The paper advocates a reconceptualized framework capable of balancing digital integration, regulatory sovereignty, innovation, and effective global governance coordination in an evolving digital economy.

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GOBERNANZA DEL COMERCIO DIGITAL MÁS ALLÁ DE LA OMC: FRAGMENTACIÓN REGULATORIA, SOBERANÍA DIGITAL Y EL FUTURO DEL DERECHO DEL COMERCIO ELECTRÓNICO

El surgimiento del comercio digital está transformando radicalmente la forma en que se lleva a cabo el comercio internacional en la actualidad. Sin embargo, la gobernanza actual del comercio digital sigue anclada en un marco obsoleto de la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC), diseñado en gran medida para una era anterior al comercio digital. Dicha estructura de gobernanza no ha logrado responder eficazmente a las cuestiones emergentes en este ámbito. Paralelamente, los Estados y los bloques regionales están desarrollando modelos regulatorios divergentes que reflejan sus intereses soberanos en materia digital y generan una significativa fragmentación de la gobernanza. Mediante el método doctrinal y un enfoque comparado, este trabajo examina las deficiencias de los modelos actuales de gobernanza del comercio digital centrados en la OMC y sostiene que el sistema está evolucionando desde las estructuras comerciales multilaterales tradicionales hacia sistemas híbridos, impulsados ​​por la soberanía y con la participación de múltiples actores. El artículo aboga por un marco reconceptualizado capaz de equilibrar la integración digital, la soberanía regulatoria, la innovación y una coordinación eficaz de la gobernanza global en una economía digital en constante evolución.

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WTO之外的数字贸易治理:监管碎片化、数字主权与电子商务法的未来

数字贸易的兴起正在深刻改变当今国际贸易的运作方式。然而,现行的数字贸易治理体系仍植根于世界贸易组织(WTO)过时的框架之中,而该框架主要针对的是数字贸易时代之前的环境。这一治理结构已无法有效应对数字贸易中涌现的新问题。与此同时,各国及区域集团正制定各异的监管模式,以体现其数字主权利益,从而导致了显著的治理碎片化。本文结合法学教义分析与比较研究方法,剖析了当前以WTO为核心的数字贸易治理模式的缺陷,并指出治理体系正从传统的各种多边贸易结构,向涉及多方主体的、混合型且由主权驱动的体系演变。文章主张构建一个经重新构想的框架,以便在不断演变的数字经济中,实现数字一体化、监管主权、创新与有效全球治理协调之间的平衡。

Author Biographies

Joseph Ekpe Edet, University of Calabar, Cross-River State, Nigeria.

Ph.D, MPA, LLM, LLb, BL

Former Head of Department, Faculty of Law, University of Calabar, Cross–River State, Nigeria. 

Paul Atagamen Aidonojie, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda

Associate Dean (Research), School of Law, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda.

Amos Godfrey Atim, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.

LLM Inview, LLb, BL

School of Economics, Finance and Law, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom (UK).

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Published

2026-07-30

How to Cite

Ekpenisi, C., Edet, J. E., Aidonojie, P. A., & Atim, A. G. (2026). DIGITAL TRADE GOVERNANCE BEYOND THE WTO: REGULATORY FRAGMENTATION, DIGITAL SOVEREIGNTY AND THE FUTURE OF E-COMMERCE LAW. International Journal of Law in Changing World, 5(1), 56–80. https://doi.org/10.54934/ijlcw.v5i1.185